monsterMash Instructions

This task is part of project02 which is due at 23:00 EST on 2024-02-06.

You have the option to work with a partner on this task if you wish. Working with a partner requires more work to coordinate schedules, but if you work together and make sure that you are both understanding the code you write, you will make progress faster and learn more.

You can download the starter code for this task using this link.

You can submit this task using this link.

Put all of your work for this task into the file monsterMash.py
(which is provided among the starter files)

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This task is based on mix-and-match paper cut-out toys, where you can create your own monster or animal by combining different body parts (here's an extra-cool example where each paper piece has a crochet pattern).

Your goal in this task is to write functions that use turtle graphics to draw monster pieces: tails, bodies, and heads. These functions will be combined with each other to draw a mixed-up monster. The results might look something like this image, which combines pieces from orange, green, and yellow monsters:

An image of a fearsome monster with two tails, three different body
segments including wings, fins, and feet, and two
heads.

Notice how multiple tails, heads, and bodies are combined into a single monster, and that the sections roughly match up with each other, although it isn't perfect. The pieces of this monster come from our solution code, as well as from two files that we have provided: greenMonster.py and yellowMonster.py. You are encouraged to use these files as examples to work from when building your own monster pieces, but you must do more than simply copy the code in these files.

Subtask A: Monster Pieces

For this subtask, you will define three functions: monsterTail, monsterBody, and monsterHead. These functions must not take any parameters.

To ensure that the tails, bodies, and heads that your code draws are able to fit together with other monster pieces, each part has to obey certain rules:

monsterTail: When drawing a monster tail, the turtle will start off facing east at the top of the monster's back end. The tail should be drawn so that it touches the back end of the monster's body, which will generally extend at least 40-50 units south of the cursor's starting position. Stuff you draw to east of the starting position will overlap the monster body, so you should draw stuff to the west. By the time it's done, your monsterTail function must put the cursor back in the exact same spot it started at and leave the pen down. You are not allowed to use any absolute movement or orientation functions (like setposition, teleport, setheading, or realign) while drawing your monster tail, because doing so would prevent the tail from drawing correctly when positioned in different places.
monsterBody: When drawing a monster body, the cursor will start at the upper-left corner of the body facing east, and the body should be drawn such that it extends about 100 units forward from the starting position, and about 50 units down. (the green monster does this using by drawing a 100x50 rectangle). Just as with monsterTail, the turtle must end up facing the same direction as when it started, but instead of leaving the turtle in the same place, it must move it exactly 100 units forward. That way, another body segment or a head can be drawn immediately afterwards. Using absolute movement or orientation functions is not allowed for the same reason as with monsterTail
monsterHead: When drawing the monster head, the cursor will be positioned at the north-east corner of the body facing east. It should generally draw stuff to the east of this starting position, but it is not required to; whatever it draws will be drawn on top of the tail and body, since it gets called last. Just as with the tail and body, you may not use absolute movement commands in this function, and as with the tail, you must put the turtle back where it started before the function is done (in case someone wants to draw a second head, for example).

In addition to these specific rules, each of your body part functions must do each of these things:

Use the pensize function to set the pen width. Do not assume that the pen size will be 1 when the body part is started. (monsterTail, monsterBody, monsterHead).
Use the pencolor and fillcolor functions (or just the color function) to set both the pen and fill colors (may use the same color for both). Do not assume that the pen or fill colors will be black when the body part is started. (monsterTail, monsterBody, monsterHead).
Leave the pen in the "down" position at the end of the function (i.e., does not call penup without later calling pendown). ( monsterTail, monsterBody, monsterHead )
Call at least two different turtle or turtleBeads drawing functions from the following list:

fd, forward, bk, back, backward, circle, write, begin_fill, end_fill, drawSquare, drawRectangle, drawCircle, drawDot, drawEllipse, drawPolygon, drawText

( monsterTail, monsterBody, monsterHead )

Finally, your monsterBody function must call a custom function that you define, which calls at least one of the drawing functions from the list above. It is completely up to you how to define and use this custom function, but we recommend using it to help you add things like wings or legs to your monster. Such a custom function can be especially useful for capturing and then easily repeating a complex series of drawing commands.

The diagram below shows how the different pieces of the monster are supposed to fit together:

These monster piece examples also show how the different pieces should work independently and fit together.

Subtask B: Monster Mash

Once you are done with your monster piece functions, your next task is to combine them with the pieces of the green and/or yellow monsters to draw a monster with different parts mashed together. Your monsterMash function must not take any parameters and must obey the following rules:

It must draw at least one tail, at least two bodies, and at least one head
It must draw at least two different bodies (e.g., call greenBody and then monsterBody, or yellowBody and greenBody.
It must NOT call pensize or call pencolor (the monster part functions must do this themselves).

The first example image shown above meets and/or exceeds all of these criteria; this monsterMash example shows the results of code that calls monsterMash.

Extra Requirements

As usual, there are a few rules you must follow throughout:

Each function you define must include a docstring.
You should not waste fruit and you should not waste boxes. "Wasting fruit" means calling a fruitful function but ignoring the result. "Wasting boxes" means storing the result of a non-fruitful function (which will always be None) in a variable (a.k.a., box).
You should not define any functions inside of other functions (this isn't a useful thing to do anyhow).

Testing

The test_monsterMash.py file included in the starter code will call your functions and print out some information about their start and end positions. You need to uncomment sections of this file to add tests as you complete each function.

Examples

Demonstration of the monster pieces

These examples illustrate how the different pieces are drawn individually, as well as how they fit together. Note that for the tail and head, the stamps created before and afterward are in the same place.

In []:# Create a stamp of the turtle and print the starting position
color("black")
stamp()
print("Start:", pos())

greenTail()

# Create a second stamp and print the final position
color("black")
stamp()
print("End:", pos())
        

PrintsStart: (0.00,0.00)
A 18-pensize PaleGreen3 arc from (0, -18) facing West to (-38, -44) facing 250°.
A 18-pensize PaleGreen3 arc from (-38, -44) facing 250° to (-101, -61) facing 140°.
A 3-pensize PaleGreen3 140° line from (-101, -61) to (-110, -54).
Start of filled shape.
A 3-pensize PaleGreen3 triangle with side length 32 centered at (-110, -54) with a flat side facing 320°.
Filled in shape using PaleGreen3.
End: (-0.00,-0.00)

Image In []:# move and turn before drawing
teleport(-50, -50)
lt(90)

# Create a stamp of the turtle and print the starting position
color("black")
stamp()
print("Start:", pos())

# draw a body
greenBody()

# Create a second stamp and print the final position
color("black")
stamp()
print("End:", pos())
        

PrintsStart: (-50.00,-50.00)
Start of filled shape.
A PaleGreen4 100 by 50 rectangle centered at (-25, 0) with a vertical long axis.
Filled in shape using PaleGreen4.
A 7-pensize PaleGreen3 150° line from (-37, 25) to (-80, 50).
Start of filled shape.
A 7-pensize PaleGreen3 horizontal line from (-80, 50) to (-150, 50).
A 7-pensize PaleGreen3 60° line from (-115, -11) to (-80, 50).
Filled in shape using PaleGreen.
Start of filled shape.
A 7-pensize PaleGreen3 60° line from (-80, 50) to (-115, -11).
A 7-pensize PaleGreen3 120° line from (-45, -11) to (-80, 50).
Filled in shape using PaleGreen.
End: (-50.00,50.00)

Image In []:# Create a stamp of the turtle and print the starting position
color("black")
stamp()
print("Start:", pos())

greenHead()

# Create a second stamp and print the final position
color("black")
stamp()
print("End:", pos())
        

PrintsStart: (0.00,0.00)
A 18-pensize PaleGreen3 30° line from (0, -18) to (43, 7).
Start of filled shape.
A 18-pensize PaleGreen3 hexagon with side length 20 centered at (43, 7) with a flat side facing North.
Filled in shape using PaleGreen3.
A PaleGreen4 dot with radius 5.
A 3-pensize PaleGreen4 160° line from (62, -8) to (53, -5).
End: (-0.00,-0.00)

Image In []:# Back up first
leap(-100)

# Create a stamp of the turtle and print the starting position
color("black")
stamp()
print("Start:", pos())

# Draw a green tail + body, and then a yellow body + head
greenTail()
greenBody()
yellowBody()
yellowHead()

# Create a second stamp and print the final position
color("black")
stamp()
print("End:", pos())
        

PrintsStart: (-100.00,0.00)
A 18-pensize PaleGreen3 arc from (-100, -18) facing West to (-138, -44) facing 250°.
A 18-pensize PaleGreen3 arc from (-138, -44) facing 250° to (-201, -61) facing 140°.
A 3-pensize PaleGreen3 140° line from (-201, -61) to (-210, -54).
Start of filled shape.
A 3-pensize PaleGreen3 triangle with side length 32 centered at (-210, -54) with a flat side facing 320°.
Filled in shape using PaleGreen3.
Start of filled shape.
A PaleGreen4 100 by 50 rectangle centered at (-50, -25) with a horizontal long axis.
Filled in shape using PaleGreen4.
A 7-pensize PaleGreen3 60° line from (-25, -13) to (0, 30).
Start of filled shape.
A 7-pensize PaleGreen3 vertical line from (0, 30) to (0, 100).
A 7-pensize PaleGreen3 150° line from (-61, 65) to (0, 30).
Filled in shape using PaleGreen.
Start of filled shape.
A 7-pensize PaleGreen3 150° line from (0, 30) to (-61, 65).
A 7-pensize PaleGreen3 30° line from (-61, -5) to (0, 30).
Filled in shape using PaleGreen.
Start of filled shape.
A 1-pensize yellow 30° line from (0, 0) to (30, 17).
A 1-pensize yellow 150° line from (30, 17) to (70, -6).
A 1-pensize yellow 30° line from (70, -6) to (100, 12).
A 1-pensize yellow vertical line from (100, 12) to (100, -53).
A 1-pensize yellow 30° line from (100, -53) to (70, -71).
A 1-pensize yellow 150° line from (70, -71) to (30, -48).
A 1-pensize yellow 30° line from (30, -48) to (0, -65).
A 1-pensize yellow vertical line from (0, -65) to (0, 0).
Filled in shape using yellow.
Start of filled shape.
A 1-pensize Gold2 10° line from (80, -30) to (55, -34).
A 1-pensize Gold2 130° line from (55, -34) to (71, -53).
A 1-pensize Gold2 70° line from (71, -53) to (80, -30).
Filled in shape using Gold3.
A 4-pensize Gold2 10° line from (80, -30) to (55, -34).
A 4-pensize Gold2 30° line from (80, -30) to (58, -42).
A 4-pensize Gold2 50° line from (80, -30) to (64, -49).
A 4-pensize Gold2 70° line from (80, -30) to (71, -53).
A 8-pensize Gold2 30° line from (100, -15) to (113, -8).
A 8-pensize Gold2 150° line from (113, -8) to (130, -18).
A 8-pensize Gold2 30° line from (130, -18) to (143, -10).
Start of filled shape.
A 1-pensize yellow vertical line from (143, -10) to (143, 10).
A 1-pensize yellow 150° line from (143, 10) to (178, -10).
A 1-pensize yellow 30° line from (178, -10) to (143, -30).
A 1-pensize yellow vertical line from (143, -30) to (143, -10).
Filled in shape using yellow.
A Gold3 dot with radius 3.
End: (100.00,-0.00)

Image

Demonstration of the monsterMash function

This example shows how the monsterMash function could work. You are free to choose a different mix of tails, bodies, and heads as long as you draw at least one tail, two bodies, and one head. This example creates one stamp at the start and one at the end, and prints out the position before and afterwards. Since this version draws 3 bodies, it moves 300 units forward (although it's not perfectly precise, it's within 1 unit of the correct destination, which is fine).

In []:# Back up first
leap(-150)

# Create a stamp of the turtle and print the starting position
color("black")
stamp()
print("Start:", pos())

monsterMash()

# Create a second stamp and print the final position
color("black")
stamp()
print("End:", pos())
        

PrintsStart: (-150.00,0.00)
Start of filled shape.
A 3-pensize DarkOrange2 arc from (-138, 37) facing 120° to (-160, 0) facing East.
A 3-pensize DarkOrange2 horizontal line from (-160, 0) to (-150, 0).
A 3-pensize DarkOrange2 vertical line from (-150, 0) to (-150, -50).
A 3-pensize DarkOrange2 horizontal line from (-150, -50) to (-160, -50).
A 3-pensize DarkOrange2 arc from (-160, -50) facing West to (-220, 10) facing North.
A 3-pensize DarkOrange2 arc from (-220, 10) facing North to (-172, 58) facing East.
A 3-pensize DarkOrange2 arc from (-172, 58) facing East to (-137, 38) facing 300°.
Filled in shape using DarkOrange2.
A 18-pensize PaleGreen3 arc from (-150, -18) facing West to (-188, -44) facing 250°.
A 18-pensize PaleGreen3 arc from (-188, -44) facing 250° to (-251, -61) facing 140°.
A 3-pensize PaleGreen3 140° line from (-251, -61) to (-260, -54).
Start of filled shape.
A 3-pensize PaleGreen3 triangle with side length 32 centered at (-260, -54) with a flat side facing 320°.
Filled in shape using PaleGreen3.
Start of filled shape.
A 1-pensize yellow 30° line from (-150, 0) to (-120, 17).
A 1-pensize yellow 150° line from (-120, 17) to (-80, -6).
A 1-pensize yellow 30° line from (-80, -6) to (-50, 12).
A 1-pensize yellow vertical line from (-50, 12) to (-50, -53).
A 1-pensize yellow 30° line from (-50, -53) to (-80, -71).
A 1-pensize yellow 150° line from (-80, -71) to (-120, -48).
A 1-pensize yellow 30° line from (-120, -48) to (-150, -65).
A 1-pensize yellow vertical line from (-150, -65) to (-150, 0).
Filled in shape using yellow.
Start of filled shape.
A 1-pensize Gold2 10° line from (-70, -30) to (-95, -34).
A 1-pensize Gold2 130° line from (-95, -34) to (-79, -53).
A 1-pensize Gold2 70° line from (-79, -53) to (-70, -30).
Filled in shape using Gold3.
A 4-pensize Gold2 10° line from (-70, -30) to (-95, -34).
A 4-pensize Gold2 30° line from (-70, -30) to (-92, -42).
A 4-pensize Gold2 50° line from (-70, -30) to (-86, -49).
A 4-pensize Gold2 70° line from (-70, -30) to (-79, -53).
Start of filled shape.
A 3-pensize DarkOrange4 circle centered at (0, -25) with radius 55.9
Filled in shape using DarkOrange4.
A 16-pensize DarkOrange2 80° line from (-25, -50) to (-32, -89).
A 16-pensize DarkOrange2 60° line from (-32, -89) to (-42, -107).
Start of filled shape.
A 16-pensize DarkOrange2 triangle with side length 12 centered at (-42, -107) with a flat side facing 240°.
Filled in shape using DarkOrange4.
A 16-pensize DarkOrange2 120° line from (25, -50) to (45, -85).
A 16-pensize DarkOrange2 100° line from (45, -85) to (48, -104).
Start of filled shape.
A 16-pensize DarkOrange2 triangle with side length 12 centered at (48, -104) with a flat side facing 280°.
Filled in shape using DarkOrange4.
Start of filled shape.
A PaleGreen4 100 by 50 rectangle centered at (100, -25) with a horizontal long axis.
Filled in shape using PaleGreen4.
A 7-pensize PaleGreen3 60° line from (125, -13) to (150, 30).
Start of filled shape.
A 7-pensize PaleGreen3 vertical line from (150, 30) to (150, 100).
A 7-pensize PaleGreen3 150° line from (89, 65) to (150, 30).
Filled in shape using PaleGreen.
Start of filled shape.
A 7-pensize PaleGreen3 150° line from (150, 30) to (89, 65).
A 7-pensize PaleGreen3 30° line from (89, -5) to (150, 30).
Filled in shape using PaleGreen.
Start of filled shape.
A 3-pensize darkOrange2 30° line from (150, 0) to (193, 25).
A 3-pensize darkOrange2 100° line from (193, 25) to (197, 5).
A 3-pensize darkOrange2 50° line from (197, 5) to (150, -50).
A 3-pensize darkOrange2 vertical line from (150, -50) to (150, 0).
Filled in shape using darkOrange2.
Start of filled shape.
A 3-pensize darkOrange2 ellipse centered at (199, 13) with a 36-unit horizontal major axis and a 30-unit minor axis
Filled in shape using darkOrange2.
A OrangeRed4 dot with radius 6.
A 3-pensize OrangeRed4 arc from (228, -6) facing 170° to (209, 3) facing 140°.
A 3-pensize OrangeRed4 arc from (209, 3) facing 320° to (228, -6) facing 350°.
A 8-pensize Gold2 20° line from (148, -30) to (162, -24).
A 8-pensize Gold2 140° line from (162, -24) to (177, -37).
A 8-pensize Gold2 20° line from (177, -37) to (191, -32).
Start of filled shape.
A 1-pensize yellow 80° line from (191, -32) to (195, -13).
A 1-pensize yellow 140° line from (195, -13) to (226, -38).
A 1-pensize yellow 20° line from (226, -38) to (188, -52).
A 1-pensize yellow 80° line from (188, -52) to (191, -32).
Filled in shape using yellow.
A Gold3 dot with radius 3.
End: (150.49,0.15)

Image

Rubric

Group goals:

All functions are documented

Each function you define must include a non-empty documentation string as the very first thing in the function.

Do not define functions inside of other functions

None of your function definitions may be placed inside of other function definitions.

Do not ignore the results of any fruitful function calls

According to the "Don't waste fruit" principle, every place you call a fruitful function (built-in or custom) you must store the result in a variable, or that function call must be part of a larger expression that uses its return value.

Do not create any variables that you never make use of

According to the "Don't waste boxes" principle, every time you create a variable (using = or by defining a parameter for a function) you must also later use that variable as part of another expression. If you need to create a variable that you won't use, it must have the name _, but you should only do this if absolutely necessary.

monsterTail net turtle movement

We will check the position and orientation of the turtle before and after monsterTail is called, as well as whether the pen is down afterwards. Both values should be the same before and afterwards, and the pen must also be down at the end.

monsterTail net turtle movement (test 1/2)

We will check the position and orientation of the turtle before and after monsterTail is called, as well as whether the pen is down afterwards. First, however, we'll move the turtle a bit to test whether your function correctly moves relative to its starting location. Both values should be the same before and afterwards, and the pen must also be down at the end.

monsterTail net turtle movement (test 2/2)

monsterBody net turtle movement

We will check the position and orientation of the turtle before and after monsterBody is called, as well as whether the pen is down afterwards. The final angle should match the starting angle, and the final position should be 100 units forward from the initial position. The pen must also be down at the end.

monsterBody net turtle movement (test 1/2)

We will check the position and orientation of the turtle before and after monsterBody is called, as well as whether the pen is down afterwards. First, however, we'll move the turtle a bit to test whether your function correctly moves relative to its starting location. The final angle should match the starting angle, and the final position should be 100 units forward from the initial position. The pen must also be down at the end.

monsterBody net turtle movement (test 2/2)

monsterHead net turtle movement

We will check the position and orientation of the turtle before and after monsterHead is called, as well as whether the pen is down afterwards. Both values should be the same before and afterwards, and the pen must also be down at the end.

monsterHead net turtle movement (test 1/2)

We will check the position and orientation of the turtle before and after monsterHead is called, as well as whether the pen is down afterwards. First, however, we'll move the turtle a bit to test whether your function correctly moves relative to its starting location. Both values should be the same before and afterwards, and the pen must also be down at the end.

monsterHead net turtle movement (test 2/2)

Define monsterTail with 0 parameters

Use def to define monsterTail with 0 parameters

Call pensize

Within the definition of monsterTail with 0 parameters, call pensize or penSize in at least one place.

Call pencolor

Within the definition of monsterTail with 0 parameters, call pencolor, color, fillcolor, penColor, or fillColor in at least one place.

Do not call setpos

Within the definition of monsterTail with 0 parameters, do not call setpos, setposition, goto, setx, sety, teleport, seth, setheading, realign, reset, setPosition, setX, setY, or setHeading.

Use at least two different turtle or turtleBeads drawing functions.

Within the definition of monsterTail with 0 parameters, use at least two different drawing functions from the following list: fd, forward, bk, back, backward, circle, write, begin_fill, end_fill, drawSquare, drawRectangle, drawCircle, drawDot, drawEllipse, drawPolygon, drawText, beginFill, endFill

Define monsterBody with 0 parameters

Use def to define monsterBody with 0 parameters

Call at least one custom function.

Within the definition of monsterBody with 0 parameters, your code must call a custom function, and that function must use a drawing command.

Use at least two different turtle or turtleBeads drawing functions.

Within the call to a custom function within the definition of monsterBody with 0 parameters, use at least two different drawing functions from the following list: fd, forward, bk, back, backward, circle, write, begin_fill, end_fill, drawSquare, drawRectangle, drawCircle, drawDot, drawEllipse, drawPolygon, drawText, beginFill, endFill

Define monsterBody with 0 parameters

Use def to define monsterBody with 0 parameters

Call pensize

Within the definition of monsterBody with 0 parameters, call pensize or penSize in at least one place.

Call pencolor

Within the definition of monsterBody with 0 parameters, call pencolor, color, fillcolor, penColor, or fillColor in at least one place.

Do not call setpos

Within the definition of monsterBody with 0 parameters, do not call setpos, setposition, goto, setx, sety, teleport, seth, setheading, realign, reset, setPosition, setX, setY, or setHeading.

Use at least two different turtle or turtleBeads drawing functions.

Within the definition of monsterBody with 0 parameters, use at least two different drawing functions from the following list: fd, forward, bk, back, backward, circle, write, begin_fill, end_fill, drawSquare, drawRectangle, drawCircle, drawDot, drawEllipse, drawPolygon, drawText, beginFill, endFill

Define monsterHead with 0 parameters

Use def to define monsterHead with 0 parameters

Call pensize

Within the definition of monsterHead with 0 parameters, call pensize or penSize in at least one place.

Call pencolor

Within the definition of monsterHead with 0 parameters, call pencolor, color, fillcolor, penColor, or fillColor in at least one place.

Do not call setpos

Within the definition of monsterHead with 0 parameters, do not call setpos, setposition, goto, setx, sety, teleport, seth, setheading, realign, reset, setPosition, setX, setY, or setHeading.

Use at least two different turtle or turtleBeads drawing functions.

Within the definition of monsterHead with 0 parameters, use at least two different drawing functions from the following list: fd, forward, bk, back, backward, circle, write, begin_fill, end_fill, drawSquare, drawRectangle, drawCircle, drawDot, drawEllipse, drawPolygon, drawText, beginFill, endFill

Define monsterMash

Use def to define monsterMash

Do not call pensize

Within the definition of monsterMash, do not call pensize.

Do not call pencolor

Within the definition of monsterMash, do not call pencolor, color, or fillcolor.

Use at least one monster tail function.

Within the definition of monsterMash, use at least one of monsterTail, greenTail, or yellowTail.

Use at least two different monster body functions.

Within the definition of monsterMash, use at least two of monsterBody, greenBody, or yellowBody.

Use at least one monster head function.

Within the definition of monsterMash, use at least one of monsterHead, greenHead, or yellowHead.

Instructions for monsterMash

Subtask A: Monster Pieces

Subtask B: Monster Mash

Extra Requirements

Testing

Examples

Rubric